Kranhyoung Primary School is located in Ponyea Krek District. In a survey conducted by ES-CUP partner KAPE in 2001, the survey team concluded that the school appeared to be a hope-less example of bad school management with barren school grounds, litter everywhere, and filthy classrooms. When the ESCUP program began in 2005, the old school director retired and was replaced by a teacher who had been promoted through the ranks. The new di-rector has seized on the idea of Student Associations as means to increase local ownership of the school. With support from ESCUP, he has done a remark-able job in transforming the school, both inside and out, by using the older students as a vehicle for change. The association formed at Kranhy-oung has been blessed by a number of enthusiastic young leaders who wear red armbands. The activities carried out by the school's association have not only led to a better school environment, but have also provided students with an opportunity to learn leadership skills and build their self-confidence.